Robatronics

     First, Humanity had tools. Then we added force to them, and had the machine, now we are adding intelligence and will get robots. But why build robots? It is because they help us better than tools or machines to live more comfortably. Eventually, they will free us for all material worries. A robot is a computer program that has parts for each of its functions. It functions the same way that a biological brain does, only it performs this in an electronic way instead of by activating neurons. It has inputs and learns which outputs get the most approval by human beings. It stores experiences in its memory, generalizes them, and those can deal with new circumstances.

     First of all, what makes a robot a robot? For many laymen, if a machine appears to be able to control its arms or limbs, and especially if it appears like a human being or an animal, it would be called a robot. One property of robot, the property or having an intent or agency of its own is an important property when people are considering whether to call a machine a robot or just a machine.

     One definition of a robot is “A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance.” Another definition from en.wikipedia.org is that “A robot is a virtual or mechanical artificial agent. In practice, it is usually an electro-mechanical system which, by its appearance or movements, conveys a sense that it has intent or agency of its own.”

     The International Organization for Standardization gives a definition of robot in ISO 8373: "an automatically controlled, re-programmable, multipurpose, manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications." This definition is used by the International Federation of Robotics, the European Robotics Research Network (EURON), and many national standards committees.

     The Robotics Institute of America (RIA) uses a broader definition: a robot is a "re-programmable multi-functional manipulator designed to move materials, parts, tools, or specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks".

     The RIA subdivides robots into four classes: devices that manipulate objects with manual control; automated devices that manipulate objects with predetermined cycles; programmable and servo-controlled robots with continuous point-to-point trajectories; robots of this last type which also acquire information from the environment and move intelligently in response.

     Can a robot really think? Since it performs the same functions and can have the same outputs, it really thinks, it is not simulating thought. Does such robot have free will? A robot needs a randomizing of its actions, so that it can learn better responses. You could call these randomized actions a kind of free will.

     Here is how a robot brain works. The senses of the robot report information to the brain. Here the brain checks if it has a concept for the information that it receives. If not, it creates a composite concept that has as parts the various sense information. Then the brain builds up the present situation from these concepts. Now a different area of the brain checks in the memory, whether there is any response rule that is appropriate for this situation. It selects one of the appropriate response rules and sends the action part, also a concept, to the limbs which then do the action.

     Robots widely used in entertainment, manufacture, assembly and packing, transport, earth and space exploration, surgery, weaponry, laboratory research, and mass production of consumer and industrial goods.

Robots had great help in the surrounding especially in the life of human. In opposite way, we cannot deny the fact that there are also consequences that robots brought to our society.

     Many factory jobs are now performed by robots. This has led to cheaper mass-produced goods, including automobiles and electronics. Stationary manipulators used in factories have become the largest market for robots. The widespread use of robot will bring prosperity and well being to the population of our planet. Robots, as intelligent automation and as advisor programs within computers, will do all the work that we do not wish to do. We will be free of material worries and will be able to enjoy life. But this is a new "industrial revolution" and the transition from a society based on work to one based on leisure has to be handled carefully. Widespread unemployment can be avoided by spreading the available work between all that are willing to work. The method is a reduction of weekly working hours. Finally work per week will be so low that a different means of income and maintaining purchasing power has to be found. This may be the "social dividend". Each citizen would be a shareholder of the state and receive a monthly dividend. The funds for this would come mainly from the profits of the robotized factories.

     The problem with most robots is that they tend to be, well, robotic. They know nothing they aren't programmed to know, and can do nothing they aren't programmed to do. But for many applications where robots could be useful, they need to be more like humans, able to respond as a cooperative partner rather than a mindless machine.

     Are robots a danger to humanity? A robot with a main objective of pleasing human beings is of great help, but a robot with a main objective of its own survival is very dangerous. Since they will be thinking much faster and more accurately than we, they will, for their own purposes use all available resources and we would be helpless. Such a robot should be illegal and should be destroyed as soon as detected.

     Fears and concerns about robots have been repeatedly expressed in a wide range of books and films. A common theme is the development of a master race of conscious and highly intelligent robots, motivated to take over or destroy the human race. Some fictional robots are programmed to kill and destroy; others gain superhuman intelligence and abilities by upgrading their own software and hardware.

     While there is no exact definition of what a robot is, for many basic understanding, they are somewhat that can perform tasks that are made by humans. They exist in different types depending on the ways they are used.

     The best robot that would exist is the one that somewhat humanlike in form and is walking on just two legs. This type of robot would bring a great help to the environment. It will bring prosperity to mankind and make their life easier. Otherwise, these types of robots also brought danger. Robots would do all the work that we do not wish to do. We will be free of material worries and will be able to enjoy life. These are a great danger to us. To avoid such problems with robots, one must put limitations on using them.